Historical Events for 1st October 2023

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1189 - Gerard de Ridefort, grandmaster of the Knights Templar since 1184, is killed in the Siege of Acre
1890 - Germany's anti-socialist laws lapse
1898 - Dutch railway Alkmaar-Receiver opens
1936 - Generalissimo Francisco Franco establishes state of Spain
1960 - Nigeria gains independence from Great Britain (National Day)
1964 - WTSJ TV channel 18 in San Juan, PR (NBC) begins broadcasting
1975 - "The Thrilla in Manila"; Muhammad Ali stops Joe Frazier in 14 rounds in Quezon City, the Philippines to retain his WBC/WBA heavyweight title
1981 - USSR performs nuclear test at Novaya Zemlya
2011 - Martin Dempsey is appointed US Joint Chiefs of Staff by President Obama
2019 - Indian government bans the export of onions, an important food staple to control prices, causing shortages in Bangladesh and Nepal

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